Biochemical and histopathological responses of Biomphalaria alexandrina to RIPEX (plant growth regulator)

Abstract Background Plant growth regulators are widely used in agriculture for increasing the and ripening of plants, but they endanger aquatic ecosystem. The current study assessed effect sublethal exposure to RIPEX 48% EC concentrations (8 16 µL/L) on oxidative stress parameters, sex hormones, immune potential enzymes, differential hemocyte counts, histopathology digestive glands ovotestis Biomphalaria alexandrina snails. Results caused an overall increase Superoxide dismutase Glutathione-S-Transferase activities B. . However, extreme inhibits SOD activity Malondialdehyde showed exposed both after all periods. also a significant testosterone snails µL/L, it did, however, reduce hormone levels 8 µL/L at 7 days. Regarding estradiol, there was 3 days µl/L µL/L. increased Myeloperoxidase Adenosine deaminase enzymes It total count as well number granulocytes. Snail pathological alterations exposure. Conclusions These findings suggest that is toxic this snail can be bioindicator environmental contamination with plant regulators.